Mapped: Ocean Fishing and Aquaculture Around the World - Visual Capitalist

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November 17, 2023

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Ocean Fishing and Aquaculture Around the World

Fish and seafood is the most popularly consumed meat in the world, the first choice in more than 56 countries.

But where do our fish come from? Are they caught by massive ocean fishing boats, or farmed in sprawling aquaculture installations?

This map from creator Perrin Remonté points out where fishing activity (marked in white) occurs, using data from automatic identification system equipment aboard more than 70,000 industrial fishing vessels between 2012–2016.

The brightest white hotspots on the map—off the coast of China, western and nordic Europe, and the Pacific Northwest—give an indication of where most of the world’s fish supply is caught.

But who are the biggest producers?

Ranked: Which Country Produces the Most Fish?

By far the country with the biggest fish production is China, which supplied nearly 86 million metric tons of fish to the world in 2021, about 40% of global supply.

Chinese fishing vessels can be found fishing as far away from home as Argentina—sometimes illegally—to keep up with demand.

Here’s a list of the biggest fish producers, ranked by total output in 2021.

Rank	Territory	Fish Production (2021, tonnes)
1	🇨🇳 China	85,948,134
2	🇮🇩 Indonesia	21,813,413
3	🇮🇳 India	14,433,205
4	🇻🇳 Vietnam	8,289,524
5	🇵🇪 Peru	6,726,989
6	🇷🇺 Russia	5,487,045
7	🇺🇸 U.S.	4,731,048
8	🇧🇩 Bangladesh	4,621,228
9	🇳🇴 Norway	4,220,624
10	🇵🇭 Philippines	4,114,594
11	🇯🇵 Japan	4,114,570
12	🇨🇱 Chile	3,833,592
13	🇰🇷 South Korea	3,742,566
14	🇲🇲 Myanmar	2,594,957
15	🇹🇭 Thailand	2,402,021
16	🇪🇬 Egypt	2,001,959
17	🇲🇽 Mexico	1,875,566
18	🇪🇨 Ecuador	1,760,054
19	🇲🇾 Malaysia	1,754,209
20	🇲🇦 Morocco	1,434,205
21	🇧🇷 Brazil	1,410,979
22	🇮🇷 Iran	1,258,203
23	🇮🇸 Iceland	1,109,563
24	🇪🇸 Spain	1,088,454
25	🇳🇬 Nigeria	1,080,855
26	🇨🇦 Canada	945,954
27	🇴🇲 Oman	923,786
28	🇰🇵 North Korea	888,630
29	🇬🇧 UK	864,698
30	🇲🇷 Mauritania	860,217
31	🇰🇭 Cambodia	856,400
32	🇦🇷 Argentina	856,253
33	🇹🇷 Türkiye	799,844
34	🇺🇬 Uganda	760,545
35	🇫🇷 France	708,995
36	🇵🇰 Pakistan	660,586
37	🇫🇴 Faroe Islands	656,364
38	🇹🇿 Tanzania	621,058
39	🇦🇴 Angola	531,772
40	🇸🇳 Senegal	515,108
41	🇩🇰 Denmark	507,097
42	🇿🇦 South Africa	501,855
43	🇬🇭 Ghana	482,142
44	🇳🇿 New Zealand	459,937
45	🇱🇰 Sri Lanka	431,255
46	🇳🇦 Namibia	411,170
47	🇲🇿 Mozambique	376,763
48	🇳🇱 Netherlands	340,131
49	🇬🇳 Guinea	326,270
50	🇨🇴 Colombia	321,390
51	🇨🇲 Cameroon	300,130
52	🇦🇺 Australia	297,233
53	🇮🇹 Italy	296,358
54	🇻🇪 Venezuela	276,701
55	🇮🇪 Ireland	276,258
56	🇬🇱 Greenland	271,027
57	🇵🇱 Poland	246,172
58	🇨🇩 DRC	233,860
59	🇬🇪 Georgia	220,365
60	🇩🇪 Germany	220,312
61	🇱🇦 Laos	206,008
62	🇸🇱 Sierra Leone	205,015
63	🇬🇷 Greece	203,558
64	🇵🇹 Portugal	199,046
65	🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea	194,786
66	🇧🇿 Belize	192,226
67	🇰🇮 Kiribati	191,168
68	🇵🇦 Panama	183,774
69	🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia	181,949
70	🇲🇼 Malawi	180,508
71	🇸🇪 Sweden	175,222
72	🇺🇿 Uzbekistan	171,933
73	🇿🇲 Zambia	168,480
74	🇫🇲 Micronesia	166,334
75	🇰🇪 Kenya	152,728
76	🇹🇳 Tunisia	150,321
77	🇲🇻 Maldives	144,993
78	🇫🇮 Finland	139,370
79	🇸🇨 Seychelles	139,174
80	🇾🇪 Yemen	131,317
81	🇲🇬 Madagascar	130,333
82	🇳🇵 Nepal	121,854
83	🇳🇷 Nauru	120,410
84	🇭🇰 Hong Kong	119,088
85	🇲🇱 Mali	115,584
86	🇨🇮 Cote d'Ivoire	111,015
87	🇹🇩 Chad	103,110
88	🇱🇹 Lithuania	101,290
89	🇲🇭 Marshall Islands	95,933
90	🇭🇷 Croatia	89,253
91	🇳🇮 Nicaragua	86,280
92	🇩🇿 Algeria	83,979
93	🇭🇳 Honduras	79,518
94	🇺🇦 Ukraine	79,388
95	🇧🇯 Benin	78,765
96	🇪🇪 Estonia	73,085
97	🇸🇻 El Salvador	71,754
98	🇨🇬 Congo	70,330
99	🇺🇾 Uruguay	66,403
100	🇮🇶 Iraq	66,374
101	🇦🇪 UAE	63,852
102	🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau	63,231
103	🇱🇻 Latvia	62,560
104	🇸🇧 Solomon Islands	62,314
105	🇪🇹 Ethiopia	61,390
106	🇻🇺 Vanuatu	55,935
107	🇬🇲 Gambia	52,687
108	🇳🇪 Niger	47,672
109	🇰🇿 Kazakhstan	46,896
110	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	46,432
111	🇸🇩 Sudan	44,450
112	🇬🇹 Guatemala	43,666
113	🇷🇼 Rwanda	42,407
114	🇨🇺 Cuba	40,718
115	🇬🇾 Guyana	34,358
116	🇫🇯 Fiji	33,081
117	🇲🇺 Mauritius	32,955
118	🇸🇸 South Sudan	32,545
119	🇸🇷 Suriname	32,170
120	🇱🇾 Libya	31,961
121	🇵🇾 Paraguay	31,710
122	🇹🇻 Tuvalu	31,097
123	🇧🇫 Burkina Faso	30,609
124	🇸🇴 Somalia	30,000
125	🇬🇦 Gabon	29,925
126	🇨🇫 Central African Republic	28,215
127	🇿🇼 Zimbabwe	27,792
128	🇱🇷 Liberia	25,444
129	🇨🇼 Curacao	25,027
130	🇨🇿 Czechia	24,305
131	🇧🇬 Bulgaria	24,183
132	🇭🇺 Hungary	22,447
133	🇧🇮 Burundi	21,040
134	🇩🇴 Dominican Republic	20,397
135	🇧🇳 Brunei Darussalam	20,063
136	🇦🇲 Armenia	19,700
137	🇰🇲 Comoros	19,356
138	🇲🇹 Malta	18,936
139	🇹🇬 Togo	18,866
140	🇦🇱 Albania	18,283
141	🇧🇪 Belgium	18,160
142	🇷🇴 Romania	18,065
143	🇭🇹 Haiti	17,830
144	🇮🇱 Israel	16,910
145	🇶🇦 Qatar	16,668
146	🇧🇭 Bahrain	15,736
147	🇹🇲 Turkmenistan	15,202
148	🇵🇫 French Polynesia	14,802
149	🇹🇹 Trinidad & Tobago	13,102
150	🇲🇩 Moldova	12,905
151	🇦🇫 Afghanistan	12,607
152	🇯🇲 Jamaica	11,840
153	🇨🇻 Cabo Verde	11,652
154	🇧🇴 Bolivia	11,453
155	🇰🇬 Kyrgyz Republic	10,320
156	🇷🇸 Serbia	9,662
157	🇨🇾 Cyprus	9,264
158	🇼🇸 Samoa	9,186
159	🇧🇾 Belarus	9,115
160	🇧🇸 Bahamas	8,705
161	🇸🇾 Syria	6,660
162	🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea	6,322
163	🇹🇱 Timor-Leste	6,024
164	🇸🇹 Sao Tome & Principe	6,020
165	🇸🇬 Singapore	5,550
166	🇵🇸 West Bank & Gaza	5,348
167	🇦🇹 Austria	5,270
168	🇳🇨 New Caledonia	4,715
169	🇪🇷 Eritrea	4,578
170	🇹🇯 Tajikistan	4,389
171	🇧🇦 Bosnia & Herzegovina	4,124
172	🇸🇰 Slovak Republic	4,119
173	🇰🇼 Kuwait	3,975
174	🇨🇭 Switzerland	3,850
175	🇲🇰 North Macedonia	3,683
176	🇱🇧 Lebanon	3,358
177	🇯🇪 Channel Islands	3,333
178	🇦🇬 Antigua & Barbuda	3,225
179	🇩🇯 Djibouti	3,089
180	🇮🇲 Isle of Man	3,041
181	🇯🇴 Jordan	2,810
182	🇹🇨 Turks & Caicos Islands	2,277
183	🇦🇿 Azerbaijan	1,971
184	🇸🇮 Slovenia	1,955
185	🇲🇪 Montenegro	1,666
186	🇱🇨 St. Lucia	1,625
187	🇻🇨 St. Vincent & the Grenadines	1,599
188	🇵🇷 Puerto Rico	1,598
189	🇱🇸 Lesotho	1,556
190	🇲🇴 Macao	1,500
191	🇹🇴 Tonga	1,265
192	🇻🇬 British Virgin Islands	1,134
193	🇦🇸 American Samoa	1,079
194	🇬🇩 Grenada	1,046
195	🇧🇧 Barbados	872
196	🇵🇼 Palau	804
197	🇻🇮 Virgin Islands	428
198	🇧🇲 Bermuda	419
199	🇰🇳 St. Kitts & Nevis	371
200	🇩🇲 Dominica	289
201	🇸🇽 Sint Maarten	253
202	🇲🇵 Northern Mariana Islands	230
203	🇧🇹 Bhutan	208
204	🇧🇼 Botswana	201
205	🇦🇼 Aruba	167
206	🇸🇿 Eswatini	165
207	🇬🇺 Guam	141
208	🇰🇾 Cayman Islands	135
209	🇫🇷 St. Martin	90
210	🇬🇮 Gibraltar	1
211	🇲🇨 Monaco	1
N/A	🌐 World	216,872,258

Source: World Bank.

Other Asian countries—Indonesia (21.8 million tonnes), India (14.4 million tonnes), and Vietnam (8.2 million tonnes)—fill out the next few spots. Peru, with an annual production of 6.7 million tonnes rounds out the top five fish suppliers, which together account for nearly 60% of world fish supply.

The second half of the top 10 also has representatives from North America (the U.S.) and Europe (Russia), the latter whose fleets have also been caught fishing illegally off the coast of Africa.

Captured Ocean Fish vs Farmed Aquaculture Fish

A big footnote on total fish production is that it also includes aquaculture and farmed fish. Breaking down total fish supply between farmed and captured fish reveals some interesting trends. Here we rank the biggest fish suppliers by their farmed fish output.

Rank	Territory	Aquaculture Supply (2021, tonnes)	Captured Supply (2021, tonnes)
1	🇨🇳 China	72,805,297	13,142,837
2	🇮🇩 Indonesia	14,606,534	7,206,879
3	🇮🇳 India	9,408,300	5,024,905
4	🇻🇳 Vietnam	4,749,274	3,540,250
5	🇧🇩 Bangladesh	2,638,745	1,982,483
6	🇰🇷 South Korea	2,427,677	1,314,889
7	🇵🇭 Philippines	2,272,528	1,842,067
8	🇳🇴 Norway	1,665,112	2,555,512
9	🇪🇬 Egypt	1,576,189	425,770
10	🇨🇱 Chile	1,443,520	2,390,072
11	🇹🇭 Thailand	989,898	1,412,123
12	🇯🇵 Japan	963,680	3,150,890
13	🇲🇲 Myanmar	929,217	1,665,740
14	🇪🇨 Ecuador	896,435	863,619
15	🇰🇵 North Korea	680,560	208,070
16	🇧🇷 Brazil	650,356	760,623
17	🇮🇷 Iran	478,737	779,466
18	🇹🇷 Türkiye	471,686	328,158
19	🇺🇸 U.S.	448,615	4,282,433
20	🇲🇾 Malaysia	416,978	1,337,231
21	🇰🇭 Cambodia	348,350	508,050
22	🇷🇺 Russia	319,342	5,167,703
23	🇪🇸 Spain	279,910	808,544
24	🇳🇬 Nigeria	275,645	805,210
25	🇲🇽 Mexico	246,914	1,628,652
26	🇬🇧 UK	230,280	634,419
27	🇫🇷 France	198,886	510,110
28	🇨🇴 Colombia	192,521	128,869
29	🇨🇦 Canada	191,449	754,505
30	🇵🇰 Pakistan	164,527	496,059
31	🇵🇪 Peru	150,818	6,576,171
32	🇮🇹 Italy	145,862	150,496
33	🇬🇷 Greece	143,926	59,632
34	🇺🇬 Uganda	138,558	621,987
35	🇱🇦 Laos	135,008	71,000
36	🇦🇺 Australia	126,206	171,026
37	🇺🇿 Uzbekistan	118,933	53,000
38	🇳🇿 New Zealand	116,839	343,098
39	🇫🇴 Faroe Islands	115,760	540,604
40	🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia	114,490	67,459
41	🇹🇿 Tanzania	106,482	514,575
42	🇳🇵 Nepal	100,854	21,000
43	🇬🇭 Ghana	89,380	392,762
44	🇿🇲 Zambia	63,355	105,125
45	🇭🇳 Honduras	63,268	16,250
46	🇻🇪 Venezuela	53,601	223,100
47	🇮🇸 Iceland	53,136	1,056,427
48	🇱🇰 Sri Lanka	50,977	380,278
49	🇵🇱 Poland	44,787	201,385
50	🇮🇪 Ireland	42,099	234,159
51	🇩🇰 Denmark	40,594	466,503
52	🇳🇱 Netherlands	40,590	299,541
53	🇩🇪 Germany	32,649	187,663
54	🇬🇹 Guatemala	32,583	11,082
55	🇳🇮 Nicaragua	31,006	55,275
56	🇭🇷 Croatia	26,831	62,422
57	🇹🇳 Tunisia	26,077	124,243
58	🇮🇶 Iraq	22,694	43,680
59	🇨🇺 Cuba	22,665	18,053
60	🇰🇪 Kenya	21,825	130,903
61	🇨🇿 Czechia	20,991	3,314
62	🇵🇹 Portugal	19,516	179,530
63	🇦🇲 Armenia	18,930	770
64	🇭🇺 Hungary	17,847	4,601
65	🇨🇷 Costa Rica	17,309	29,123
66	🇺🇦 Ukraine	16,882	62,506
67	🇲🇹 Malta	16,433	2,503
68	🇲🇬 Madagascar	16,396	113,937
69	🇸🇪 Sweden	15,253	159,969
70	🇧🇬 Bulgaria	15,174	9,009
71	🇮🇱 Israel	14,875	2,035
72	🇫🇮 Finland	14,399	124,971
73	🇵🇾 Paraguay	14,150	17,560
74	🇲🇩 Moldova	12,905	0
75	🇸🇻 El Salvador	12,749	59,005
76	🇸🇧 Solomon Islands	12,461	49,854
77	🇷🇴 Romania	11,714	6,351
78	🇦🇫 Afghanistan	11,107	1,500
79	🇿🇦 South Africa	10,525	491,330
80	🇷🇼 Rwanda	10,313	32,094
81	🇰🇬 Kyrgyz Republic	10,300	20
82	🇲🇼 Malawi	9,948	170,560
83	🇸🇩 Sudan	9,900	34,550
84	🇨🇲 Cameroon	9,800	290,330
85	🇦🇱 Albania	8,641	9,642
86	🇧🇾 Belarus	8,504	611
87	🇲🇱 Mali	8,484	107,100
88	🇨🇾 Cyprus	7,862	1,401
89	🇷🇸 Serbia	7,308	2,354
90	🇵🇦 Panama	6,704	177,069
91	🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea	6,122	188,664
92	🇨🇮 Cote d'Ivoire	5,720	105,295
93	🇰🇿 Kazakhstan	5,438	41,457
94	🇸🇬 Singapore	5,244	306
95	🇨🇩 DRC	5,195	228,665
96	🇱🇹 Lithuania	5,138	96,152
97	🇿🇼 Zimbabwe	5,058	22,734
98	🇦🇹 Austria	4,920	350
99	🇩🇿 Algeria	4,779	79,200
100	🇧🇳 Brunei Darussalam	4,768	15,295
101	🇧🇯 Benin	4,150	74,615
102	🇭🇰 Hong Kong	3,909	115,179
103	🇧🇴 Bolivia	3,853	7,600
104	🇧🇦 Bosnia & Herzegovina	3,819	305
105	🇦🇷 Argentina	3,687	852,566
106	🇲🇿 Mozambique	3,200	373,563
107	🇲🇰 North Macedonia	3,169	514
108	🇦🇴 Angola	2,808	528,964
109	🇬🇪 Georgia	2,790	217,575
110	🇩🇴 Dominican Republic	2,730	17,667
111	🇦🇪 UAE	2,663	61,189
112	🇨🇭 Switzerland	2,364	1,486
113	🇸🇾 Syria	2,350	4,310
114	🇲🇺 Mauritius	2,316	30,640
115	🇸🇰 Slovak Republic	2,304	1,815
116	🇯🇴 Jordan	2,145	665
117	🇹🇯 Tajikistan	2,039	2,350
118	🇲🇦 Morocco	2,006	1,432,199
119	🇴🇲 Oman	1,703	922,083
120	🇸🇮 Slovenia	1,686	269
121	🇭🇹 Haiti	1,610	16,220
122	🇵🇫 French Polynesia	1,559	13,243
123	🇱🇸 Lesotho	1,501	55
124	🇧🇮 Burundi	1,490	19,550
125	🇳🇨 New Caledonia	1,411	3,305
126	🇸🇳 Senegal	1,151	513,957
127	🇬🇳 Guinea	1,150	325,120
128	🇯🇪 Channel Islands	1,145	2,188
129	🇹🇱 Timor-Leste	1,091	4,933
130	🇨🇬 Congo	911	69,419
131	🇱🇻 Latvia	901	61,658
132	🇯🇲 Jamaica	884	10,956
133	🇹🇬 Togo	882	17,984
134	🇧🇫 Burkina Faso	878	29,731
135	🇲🇪 Montenegro	858	808
136	🇪🇪 Estonia	849	72,236
137	🇱🇧 Lebanon	778	2,580
138	🇪🇹 Ethiopia	740	60,650
139	🇵🇸 West Bank & Gaza	687	4,661
140	🇧🇿 Belize	605	191,621
141	🇦🇿 Azerbaijan	507	1,464
142	🇳🇪 Niger	472	47,200
143	🇰🇼 Kuwait	450	3,525
144	🇳🇦 Namibia	321	410,849
145	🇱🇷 Liberia	275	25,169
146	🇧🇪 Belgium	223	17,937
147	🇨🇫 Central African Republic	215	28,000
148	🇱🇨 St. Lucia	211	1,414
149	🇫🇯 Fiji	206	32,874
150	🇧🇹 Bhutan	193	15
151	🇧🇼 Botswana	163	38
152	🇹🇲 Turkmenistan	160	15,042
153	🇬🇾 Guyana	142	34,216
154	🇸🇱 Sierra Leone	115	204,900
155	🇬🇺 Guam	115	26
156	🇶🇦 Qatar	114	16,555
157	🇹🇩 Chad	110	103,000
158	🇺🇾 Uruguay	103	66,300
159	🇹🇴 Tonga	100	1,165
160	🇸🇿 Eswatini	100	65
161	🇬🇦 Gabon	65	29,860
162	🇸🇸 South Sudan	45	32,500
163	🇲🇵 Northern Mariana Islands	41	189
164	🇸🇷 Suriname	40	32,130
165	🇬🇲 Gambia	35	52,652
166	🇨🇻 Cabo Verde	28	11,624
167	🇧🇧 Barbados	26	847
168	🇬🇩 Grenada	23	1,024
169	🇦🇬 Antigua & Barbuda	20	3,205
170	🇦🇸 American Samoa	20	1,059
171	🇹🇹 Trinidad & Tobago	18	13,084
172	🇵🇼 Palau	18	786
173	🇵🇷 Puerto Rico	18	1,580
174	🇧🇭 Bahrain	16	15,720
175	🇬🇶 Equatorial Guinea	15	6,307
176	🇻🇨 St. Vincent & the Grenadines	13	1,586
177	🇾🇪 Yemen	10	131,307
178	🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau	10	63,221
179	🇱🇾 Libya	10	31,951
180	🇼🇸 Samoa	10	9,176
181	🇰🇾 Cayman Islands	10	125
182	🇻🇮 Virgin Islands	8	420
183	🇪🇷 Eritrea	4	4,574
184	🇻🇺 Vanuatu	3	55,932
185	🇰🇮 Kiribati	2	191,166
186	🇰🇳 St. Kitts & Nevis	2	369
187	🇦🇼 Aruba	2	165
188	🇹🇻 Tuvalu	1	31,096
189	🇻🇬 British Virgin Islands	1	1,133
190	🇩🇲 Dominica	1	288
191	🇳🇷 Nauru	1	120,409
192	🇲🇭 Marshall Islands	0	95,933
193	🇫🇲 Micronesia	0	166,334
194	🇸🇨 Seychelles	0	139,174
195	🇨🇼 Curacao	0	25,027
196	🇧🇸 Bahamas	0	8,705
197	🇹🇨 Turks & Caicos Islands	0	2,277
198	🇲🇷 Mauritania	0	860,217
199	🇬🇱 Greenland	0	271,027
200	🇲🇻 Maldives	0	144,993
201	🇸🇴 Somalia	0	30,000
202	🇰🇲 Comoros	0	19,356
203	🇸🇹 Sao Tome & Principe	0	6,020
204	🇩🇯 Djibouti	0	3,089
205	🇮🇲 Isle of Man	0	3,041
206	🇲🇴 Macao	0	1,500
207	🇧🇲 Bermuda	0	419
208	🇸🇽 Sint Maarten	0	253
209	🇫🇷 St. Martin	0	90
210	🇬🇮 Gibraltar	0	1
211	🇲🇨 Monaco	0	1
N/A	🌐 World	126,035,146	92,177,119

Source: World Bank.

Aquaculture makes up the majority of fish production for all the big Asian producers in the top 10. However the inverse is true for European, North American, and South American countries.

While the history of aquaculture goes back thousands of years, its use began to rise steeply in the 2000s, with production overtaking captured fish in 2014. First seen as a solution to overfishing and to make the industry more sustainable, aquaculture’s problems are now beginning to weigh on the industry.

From the pollution it causes—in the form of feces—to its dependence on wild catch for feeding the stock, makes it far less sustainable than what is assumed. In fact, about 25% of wild catch is turned into fish meal—a mixture of less appetizing fish like anchovies, menhaden and herring—used to feed farmed fish.

How Secure is the Ocean Fishing Industry?

Fish and seafood is one of the most accessible sources of meat in the world, accounting for 17% of animal protein consumed. However, almost 90% of the world’s fish stocks are fully depleted while demand only continues to grow.

Unregulated and illegal fishing not only adds a sustainability burden to the planet, but the industry is also rife with human rights abuses, including human trafficking and modern slavery.

Meanwhile, only 3% of the world’s oceans are designated as protected marine reserves and even they lack the safeguards to fully stop exploitative fishing.

This article was published as a part of Visual Capitalist's Creator Program, which features data-driven visuals from some of our favorite Creators around the world.

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